This is the most common laboratory soil test and the basis for all engineered compacted soil placements for embankements, pavements, and structural fills. This is important not only for durability, but will save money because less compaction effort is needed to achieve the desired results. Compaction test light weight standard proctor compaction is 2720part vii1980 reaffirmed2011 theory. Proctor 1933 was the first to develop a method of assessing compacted fill that has since become a universal standard and the test is known as standard proctor test. Proctor soil compaction test procedures, tools and results. Proctor, who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given comp active effort depends on the amount of water the soil contains during soil compaction. This study showed that, on addition of lime and sodium bentonite. Creative commons license this work is licensed under a creative commons attributionnoncommercialsharealike 4.
Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modi. Standard and modified proctor compaction methods astm d. The proctor compaction test establishes the maximum unit weight that a particular type of soil can be compacted to using a controlled compactive force at an optimum water content. D69812e2 standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12 400 ftlbfft3 600 knmm3 density water content particle size. Compaction tests results vary with the input compactive effort, usually measured in foot pounds per cubic foot of soil. Compaction testlight weightstandard proctor compaction is 2720part vii1980 reaffirmed2011 theory.
Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12 400 ftlbfft 3600 knmm 1 this standard is issued under the. It is common for building construction to specify 95% of the modified proctor as a compaction standard. D698 00a standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12,400 ftlbfft 3 600 knmm 3, impact compaction using standard effort, density, moisturedensity curves, proctor test, compaction characterist, soil compaction, laboratory tests. Ken sudduth ag engineer usda agricultural research service columbia, mo. The standard proctor compaction test was developed by r. Compaction characteristics of stabilised soil mixtures can be established by reference to the standard proctor test, under which the ssb density achieved could be either more or less than the standard proctor omc, depending on the capacity of the machine. Soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids are filled with solids. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its maximum dry density by removal of air voids. The moisture content dry density relationship of the soil obtained from proctor s test forms the basis for. Astm d698 00a standard test methods for laboratory. Objective to determine the required amount of water to be used when compacting the. Ppt proctor compaction test for maximum dry density. Rather than determining the moisture and density points for an entire curve, a single point is determined for the purpose of selecting the curve, which represents the soil being compacted, from the family of curves. It is used as the basis of comparison to an inplace field density test to determine the percent compaction.
Ken sudduth ag engineer usda agricultural research service columbia, mo soil compaction. The selection of moulds depends on the particle size distribution of the material, such as. Indian institute of technology gandhinagar department of. In geotechnical engineering, soil compactionis the process in which a stress applied to a soilcauses densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains. Test developed to help specify levels compaction 1933. October 15, 2018 introduction it is known that optimum moisture content w% is one of the most important factors for obtaining a soils maximum dry density which is required to maximize its strength. At the same time and for each proctor test, modulus tests are performed to obtain the lab soil modulus. Standard proctor test procedure apparatus calculation. The optimum mix for the highly compressive clay was found to be 8% of lime with 4% of sodium bentonite. Maximum dry density of soil and optimum moisture content test. Compaction is the process of increasing the bulk density of a soil or aggregate by. Compaction characteristics of soil astm d1557 proctor compaction test prepared by. These test methods used to determine the relationship between water content and dry unit weight of soils. Soil compaction decrease in soil volume and porosity, or increase in soil bulk density, due to.
Standard density test t99 or geotechnical engineering bureau. Soil moisturedensity relationship standard and modified proctor tests. Determination of water contentdry density relation using light compaction. The soil moisture content and the degree of dry density to which the soil is prepared to be compacted maintain a definite relationship. Compaction test of soil is carried out using proctors test to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content. Standard proctor test, the soil is compacted by a 5.
Nebraska group index values were tested, each using both the standard and the modified proctor testing procedures. Algorithms were subsequently developed to compare the difference between. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Fundamentals of soil compaction intelligent compaction. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. For pavements, 98% of the modified proctor is usually. Astmd69812e2standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort. His original test is most commonly referred to as the standard proctor compaction test. Standard proctor compaction test is to establish a relationship between dry density and moisture content for a soil under controlled conditions. The moisture content dry density relationship of the soil obtained from proctors test forms the basis for. This plays a vital part in construction for soils are mainly used as supports for a lot of infrastructures. The test now known as the british standard light compaction test is very similar, although the equipment used differs in some details. According to proctor, the compaction of a soil mass is dependent on the following four major factors.
To obtain the graphical relationship of the dry density to moisture content in the form of compaction curve, for determining the values of optimum moisture content omc and maximum dry density mdd. Astm d698 12e2 standard test methods for laboratory. Compaction test proctor test civil engineering notes. Jan 27, 2019 standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by an american engineer ralph r. Standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by an american engineer ralph r. Because of the benefits from compaction, contractors have built larger and heavier machines to increase the amount of compaction of the soil.
The test is named in honor of ralph roscoe proctor, who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given compactive effort depends on the amount of water the soil contains during soil compaction. Modified proctor or standard proctor tests are performed and the optimum moisture content as well as the maximum dry density is determined from the compaction curves. Proctor first defined this standard compaction test in engineering news record. Proctor test compaction test introduction for earthwork construction it is important to compact soils to a dense state so that the soils will attain satisfactory engineering properties. Usda mo ssps field test results depth10 cm depth30 cm depth20 cm depth50 cm depth40 cm 160 170 180 190 200 210. The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture contents. According to compaction theory, when samples of a soil are compacted at different water contents using the same compactive. The selection of either standard or modified compaction depends on the specification and generally standard compaction is more commonly used. Density has a controlling influence on ssb strength and the density achieved for an ssb depends on the energy supplied during compaction. Proctor showing that for a given compaction effort, the density of soil depends on the type of soil and moisture content. Standard proctor test covers the determination of the relationship between the moisture content and density of soils compacted in a mould of a given size with a 2. Proctor compaction test for maximum dry density what is compaction.
Modified proctor test an overview sciencedirect topics. For determination of the relation between the water content and the dry density of soils using light compaction. Soil density standard vs modified proctor reinforced soil structures routinely specify that all soils be compacted to 95% of the maximum density determined by astm d698 standard proctor density for conformance with the design. There are two proctor tests that defined by the american association of highway officials and american standard testing material. The line of optimum moisture contents is usually around 85% saturation and the optimum moisture content decreases with increasing compactive effort. Lab report proctor testcompaction test introduction for. Compaction test of soil is carried out using proctor s test to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content.
A particular soil needs to have an ideal or optimum amount of moisture to achieve maximum density. What is the difference between standard proctor test and. The standard proctor test astm d698, aashto t99, and the modified. We know that the conditions of site and that of the laboratory are different altogether. It was found that the standard compaction test could not reproduce the densities measured in the field and this led to the development of the modified compaction test. Standard proctor test an overview sciencedirect topics. However, standard proctor density criteria is typically utilized in the eastern us where. Proctor standard pdf modified proctor compaction test.
A soils optimum moisture content is usually lower when compacted to modified proctor versus standard proc. Sample calculations estimating the cost savings from compacting to modified versus standard proctor specifications were included as was a chart showing the compaction standards currently used by state transportation agencies. Two compaction curves were developed for each soil type as the standard and modified proctor test results were plotted. The details included in this test method are for use with the standard proctor test. Apr 06, 2014 creative commons license this work is licensed under a creative commons attributionnoncommercialsharealike 4. Standard and modified proctor compaction methods astm d1557. The most common is the proctor test, or modified proctor test. Astm d69812e2 standard test methods for laboratory.
Compaction of soil at maximum dry density is required in many engineering projects. Test methods permit one or two litre moulds for compaction. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its. It is also desirable to know the optimum soil conditions for compacting a given soil.
Mould has detachable collar and base plate assembly. Created as part of tufts universitys intro to geotechnical engineering course, a. Summary of method the test consists of the following steps which are explained in the test procedure. Objective to obtain the graphical relationship of the dry density to moisture content in the form of compaction curve, for determining the values of optimum moisture content omc and maximum dry. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. The test made use of a hand rammer and a cylindrical mould with a volume of ft3, and became known as the standard proctor compaction test proctor, 1933. All these results have been obtained using the standard proctor and modified proctor test methods.
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